Volume 12 Number 2, December 2017

Journal of Sustainability Science and Management

Volume 12 Number 2, December 2017

eISSN: 2672-7226

© Penerbit UMT

Contents

1-7

Synthesis of 3-Methyl-5-Nitrobenzyl β, β-Diketoester as a Derivative of Pachydermin, a Tetramic Acid from Chamonixia pachydermis

NOOR HIDAYAH PUNGOTOrganic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43200 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia., ZURINA SHAAMERIOrganic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43200 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia., AHMAD SAZALI HAMZAHOrganic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43200 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia., MOHD FAZLI MOHAMMATOrganic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43200 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. AND NOORHANA HUSSAINOrganic Synthesis Laboratory, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 43200 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

8-16

Fatty Acids Compositions of Sargassum granuliferum and Dictyota dichotoma and their Anti-fouling Activities

KAMARIAH BAKARInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., HABSAH MOHAMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., JALIFAH LATIPSchool of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., HOCK SENG TANInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND GAN MING HERNGSchool of Marine & Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

17-25

Variations in Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Mangrove-Isolated Chlorella Strains

SITI MARIAM OSMANSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia., CHUAH TSE SENGSchool of Science and Food Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.,LOH SAW HONGSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia., CHA THYE SANInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.AND AZIZ AHMADSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

26-33

Diversity in Volatile Chemicals and Antibacterial Activity among Selected Genus of Cinnamomum, Etlingera and Schizostachyum from Sabah

THILAHGAVANI NAGAPPANSchool of Marine and Environment Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia., Institute for Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia., MUMTAZ HIDAYAHTULLAH YATAUInstitute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia., JAMILAH MOHD SALIMSchool of Marine and Environment Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia., Kenyir Research Institute (IPK), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu Malaysia.AND CHARLES S. VAIRAPPANInstitute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.

34-44

Phytochemical Screening of In Vitro Aglaonema simplex Plantlet Extracts as Inducers of SR-B1 Ligand Expression

ZURIAH ISMAILSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., AZIZ AHMADSchool of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND TENGKU SIFZIZUL TENGKU MUHAMMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

45-51

Phytochemical Analyses, Anti-Bacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Mangrove Associated Hibiscus tiliaceus Extracts and Fractions agains Pseudomonas aeruginosa

YOSIE ANDRIANIInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., HABSAH MOHAMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., KESAVEN BHUBALANSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MUHAMMAD IQMAL ABDULLAHSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND HERMANSYAH AMIREducational Chemistry Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu, Indonesia.

52-62

Development of Mud Crab Crablet, The Identification of Ciliates and the Bioefficacy of Leaf Extract of Rhizophora apiculata as Anti-Protozoal Agent

NGUYAN KHANH LINHSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., TRAN NGUYEN DUY KHOAInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., SANDRA CATHERINE ZAINATHANSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NADIRAH MUSASchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NAJIAH MUSASchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND FAIZAH SHAHAROM-HARRISONKenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

63-70

The Effects of Indole-3-Butyric Acid and 1-Naphthaleneacetic Acid on the Induction of Roots from Clitoria ternatea L.

YI LING CHANSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia., FUI JOO BONGSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia., SREERAMANAN SUBRAMANIAMSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. AND BEE LYNN CHEWSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.

71-79

Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolated from the Soil of Terengganu, Malaysia as Potential Bio-Pesticides against the Red Palm Weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

GRACE LEE ERN LINSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., JAMILAH MOHD SALIM @ HALIMSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHD FARID AHMADForest Biodiversity Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109, Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. AND WAHIZATUL AFZAN AZMISchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

80-88

Cytotoxic Effects and Evidence of Apoptosis from Avecennia alba Extracts on Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7)

NURUL HUDA RAHMANInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, SEVAKUMARAN VIGNESWARIInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, AZIZ AHMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia, HABSAH MOHAMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia AND TENGKU SIFZIZUL TENGKU MUHAMMADInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

89-95

Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Microparticles as Adjuvant Matrix for the Immobilization of Pasteurella multocida Whole-Cell Vaccine

SHAZWANI MOHAMEDSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., AL-ASHRAF ABDULLAH AMIRULSchool of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia., Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), NIBM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia., ABDUL WAHID MOHD EFFENDYInstitute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), NIBM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. AND KESAVEN BHUBALANSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), NIBM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

96-102

Wound Healing Properties of Biotransformed Asiaticoside by Aspergillus niger

MUHAMMAD NOR OMARFaculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia., HELMI YOUSIF ALFARRAFaculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. AND SOLACHUDDIN JAUHAR ARIEF ICHWANFaculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.

103-111

Effect of Π-Electron System in Organic Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

ABDUL KALAM MAHMUD HASANSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., TOWHID HOSSAIN CHOWDURYSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., ASHRAFUL ISLAMPhotovoltaic Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan., MOHAMMAD SHAH JAMALSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., AIZAT ABDUL WADISolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., MUHAMMAD IRSYAMUDDIN MOHD ZINSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., NOWSHAD AMINSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia., MD. AKHTARUZZAMANSolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. AND MOHD AIZAT ABDUL WADISolar Energy Research Institute (SERI), the National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

112-118

Selected Heavy Metals Concentration in Edible Tissue of the Mud Crab, Genus Scylla from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu

ONG MENG CHUANSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NOR AMALINA MAT ALISchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NOOR AZHAR MOHAMED SHAZILIInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND JOSEPH BIDAIInstitute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

119-127

Biological Information and Size at Maturity of Male Crenate Swimming Crab, Thalamita crenata from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu Coastal Waters

HARMAN MUHD-FAROUKInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Fisheries Research Institute Batu Maung, Department of Fisheries, 11960 Batu Maung, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia., ADNAN AMIN-SAFWANInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHAMAD SAIFUL ARIFSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MHD IKHWANUDDINInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

128-134

Distribution and Host Identification of Epiphytic Plant, Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, in Pulau Telaga Tujuh, Setiu, Terengganu

ROHANI SHAHRUDINSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., ABDUL SHUKOR YUSOFFSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHAMAD FAHMI KAMARUZZAMANSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MUHAMAD RAZALI SALAMSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

135-160

An Annotated Checklist of Migratory Birds in Kenyir, Setiu and Pulau Perhentian Besar, Terengganu, Malaysia

GERTRUDE DAVIDCentre for Kenyir Ecosystems Reseach, Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., AZUAN ROSLANCentre for Kenyir Ecosystems Reseach, Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MAZRUL ASWADY MAMATSchool of Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., ABDULMULA ABDULMAGID HAMZASchool of Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MOHD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAHCentre for Kenyir Ecosystems Reseach, Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

161-166

First Record of Ceratomyxa (Thélohan, 1892) from the Gall Bladder of Orange Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Perciformes: Serranidae) from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu

NUR FATIN SHAHARSchool of Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MUHAMMAD ARIF SHAMSURISchool of Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., FAIZAH SHAHAROMKenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BORKHANUDDINSchool of Marine Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

167-175

Health Surveillance of Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium lanchesteri in Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia

ALIA SYAFIQAH AZNANSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NURUL AQILAH IBERAHIMSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NOR IDAYU RAHMANSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., KHAIRULBARIYYAH ZAKARIASchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., LEE KOK LEONGSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., WAN NURHAFIZAH WAN IBRAHIMSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NOR HAZWANI HAMZAHSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NUR AZNA SAARISchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NADIRAH MUSASchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MARINA HASSANInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., SANDRA CATHERINE ZAINATHANSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., LAITH ABDUL RAZZAKInstitute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., FAIZAH SHAHAROM- HARRISONSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., YEONG YIK SUNGSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHD EFFENDY ABD WAHIDSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., NAJIAH MUSASchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Institute of Tropical Aquaculture (AQUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

176-182

Integrating Computer-Based Method into Dietary Intervention in Children at Setiu Wetland: A Pilot Study

MADIHAH SHUKRISchool of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., ZAMZAHAILA MOHD ZINSchool of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHAMAD KHAIRI ZAINOLSchool of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., SYAHRIN SAIDCentre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., AMIR NGAHSchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND SITI SALINA ABDULLAHSchool of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

183-193

Modelling the Impact of Aquaculture on Setiu Wetland Ecosystems using Bayesian Belief Network Approach

ROSELIZA MAT ALIPIAHSchool of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., DAVID RAFFAELLIDepartment of Environment, University of York, UK., JAMES SMARTGriffith School of Environment, University of Griffith, Brisbane, Australia. AND NIK FUAD NIK MOHD KAMILSchool of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

194-203

Sustainability of Integrated Aquaculture Development Project using System Dynamic Approach

MUHAMAD SAFIIH LOLASchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., SITI HANANI ISAInstitute of Biotechnology Marin, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., MOHD NOOR AFIQ RAMLEESchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MHD IKHWANUDDINInstitute Aquaculture Tropical, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

204-217

An Application of Coastal Erosion Decision Problem using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Dematel Method

LIANA NAJIBSchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., AHMAD TERMIMI AB GHANISchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia., LAZIM ABDULLAHSchool of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia. AND MOHAMMAD FADHLI AHMADSchool of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

218-227

Causal Relationship Model of Thai Student Energy Conservation Behaviour

PAITOON PIMDEEFaculty of Industrial Education and Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 10520 Bangkok, Thailand.

228-252

The Role of Multinational Companies for World Sustainable Development Agenda

MUHAMMAD IZZUDDIN SYAKIR ISHAKSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia., Center of Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia., NUR FARHANA ASYIKEEN ISHAKGraduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia., MOHD SAYUTI HASSANCenter of Global Sustainability Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia., AZLAN AMRANGraduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia., MOHD HAFIIDZ JAAFARSchool of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. AND MOHAMAD SHAHARUDIN SAMSURIJANSchool of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia.

253-261

Development Efforts and Public Sector Corruption in Malaysia: Issues and Challenges

NOREHA HASHIMSchool of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.